Networking hardware

    What is Networking Hardware?

1. Network hardware is that the individual elements of a network system that square measure accountable for transmittal information and facilitating the operations of a network. though a network contains several hardware elements, there square measure many basic classes that conjure the entire operations of a network system. Here square measure a number of the various classes and the way they contribute as a full to the functioning of a network system.

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4. Network Servers:  

5.  One or more network servers is a part of nearly every local area network.These are very fast computers with a large amount of RAM and storage space, along with a one or more fast network interface card(s). The network operating system provides tools to share server resources and information with network users.The network server may be responding to requests from many network users simultaneously. For example, it may be asked to load a word processor program to one workstation, receive a database file from another workstation, and store an e-mail message during the same time period. 

6. Categories of Different Network Hardware

7. Workstations;

8. Computers that humans use are broadly categorized as workstations. A typical workstation is a computer that is configured with a network interface card, networking software, and the appropriate cables. Workstations do not necessarily need large storage hard drives, because files can be saved on the file server. Almost any computer can serve as a network workstation.

1. Laptops/Mobile Devices

1. laptops and other mobile devices are becoming more and more common. These devices typically have modest internal storage, but enough power to serve as a workstation for users on the go. These machines nearly always have a wireless adapter to allow quick network connections without cumbersome cabling.

1. Network Router:

2.  A network router could be a hardware device that's connected to multiple channels for various networks through associate interface that's located on every network. The router is sometimes set inside the layers of a network that verify the trail for the transfer of knowledge} with the router acting as a process unit for information packets. The router duplicates data packets to be used throughout transmission from one network to a different. 

2. Network Interface Card: 

3. Network interface cards are used to connect each computer to the network so they can communicate with the network router to receive information packets. The interface cards determine the infrastructure of a local area network (LAN) and allow all of the computers to connect to the network. There are many different types of network interface cards that perform different functions within the network which include Ethernet cards and wireless network interface cards

4. Network Switches:

5. Network switches work similar to routers because they both copy information from one area of the network to the other. However, network switches contain multiple ports for copying frames of information from one port to the other. Like routers, switches operate within the layers of a network and evaluate every frame before determining the port in which the frame should be copied.

6. Network Bridge:

7.  A network bridge divides traffic on a local area network by separating the LAN into several different segments. It is also responsible for filtering data by determining the data destination or discarding unnecessary data. Network bridges operate within the layers of the network and also control the data that crosses the boundaries from one local area network to the other.

1. Firewalls:

2. A firewall is a networking device that is installed at the entrance to a LAN when connecting a networks together, particularly when connecting a private network to a public network, such as the internet. The firewall uses rules to filter traffic into and out of the private network, to protect the private network users and data from malevolent hackers.
   
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what is a computer

what is a computer?

It is an electronic device which is capable of  receving information (data) in a particular from and performing sequence of operations in accordance with a predetermined but variable set of procedural instructions (program) to produce a result in the from of information or signals a person who makes calculation especially with a calculating machine.

Types of computer

super computer 

                              

It are terribly dear and extremely giant in size. It is accommodated in giant cool rooms; some super computers will span a complete building.In 1964, Seymour cray designed the primary super comptuer agency 6600.The most powerful  in terms of performance and processing ar the super computers. These ar specialised and task specific computers employed by giant organizations. These ar used for analysis and exploration functions, like NASA uses super computers for launching house shuttles, dominant them and for house exploration purpose.

Mini computer

                          

It also are known as as “Mid vary Computers”. These area unit tiny machines and may be accommodated on a disk with not as process and knowledge storage capabilities as super-computers & Mainframes.  it area unit employed by tiny businesses & corporations

Mainframe

                             

It will be accommodated in giant cool rooms owing to its size. Super-computers ar the quickest computers with giant information storage capability, Mainframes may also method & store great deal of information. several giant companies & government organizations uses Mainframes to run their business operations.

Micro computer

                                 

It may be a complete laptop on a smaller scale and is usually a equivalent word for the a lot of common term, laptop computer or laptop , it's designed for a personal. it contains a micro chip (a central process unit on a micro chip ),memory within the style of storage and random access memory , I/O ports and a busor system of interconnecting wires, housed during a unit that's typically known as a motherboard ..

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computer networking

What is computer Networking ?

 A network is a group of two or more computer systems linked together. The Internet is a computer network that millions of people use every day. computers on a network may be linked through cables, telephone lines, radio waves, satellites, or infrared light beams.

Types of computer Networing :

Local Area Networks (LANs)

Wide Area Networks (WANs)

Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs)

Local Area Networks (LAN)

A local area network (LAN) is a group of computers and associated devices that share a common communications line or wireless link. Typically, connected devices share the resources of a single processor or server within a small geographic area  Usually, the server has applications and data storage that are shared in common by multiple computer users.

                                                

Types of Local Area Networks
Bus Topology
Ring Topology
Star Topology

Bus Topology

In LAN where bus topology is used, each node is connected to a single cable. Each computer or server is connected to the single bus cable. A signal from the source travels in both directions to all machines connected on the bus cable until it finds the intended recipient. If the machine address does not match the intended address for the data, the machine ignores the data. Alternatively, if the data matches the machine address, the data is accepted. 

                                         

Ring Topology

A ring network is a local area network in which the nodes are connected in a closed loop configuration. Adjacent pairs of nodes are directly connected. Other pairs of nodes are indirectly connected, the data passing through one or more intermediate nodes.The illustration shows a ring network with five nodes. Each node is shown as a sphere, and connections are shown as straight lines. The connections can consist of wired or wireless link.          

Star Topology

A star network is a local area network (LAN) in which all nodes are directly connected to a common central computer. Every workstation is indirectly connected to every other through the central computer. A star topology is one of the most common network setups where each of the devices and computers on a network connect to a central hub. A major disadvantage of this network topology is that if the central hub fails, all computers connected to that hub would be disconnected.

                                                            

Wide Area Networking (WANs)

Computers connected to a wide-area network are often connected through public networks, such as the telephone system. They can also be connected through leased lines or satellites. The largest WAN in existence is the Internet. A WAN is different from a MAN because of the distance between each of the networks. In a WAN, one network may be anywhere from several hundred miles away, to across the globe in a different country.

Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs)

A Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) is a large computer network that spans a metropolitan area or campus. Its geographic scope falls between a WAN and LAN. MANs provide Internet connectivity for LANs in a metropolitan region, and connect them to  WAN like the Internet. 

                                                       

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computer parts

 What are the main parts of the computer?

Monitor

The monitor is the visual component of the computer. It displays information to the user. This is a main computer part. This computer part requires electricity so it will have its own power cord to plug into an outlet.Most monitors have control buttons that allow you to change your monitor's display settings, and some monitors also have built-in speakers.

Keyboard

This computer part are used for entering data, generating commands. The keyboard layout is similar to a typewriter with additional keys for other functions. There is a number keypa   to the right of the main alphabetical keypad. There are many different types of computer keyboards, such as wired, wireless, ergonomic, and multimedia. this is a computer part. 

                                                                                                                                         

Mouse

This computer part used for making selections. There are two buttons on a mouse. Most actions are performed using the left mouse button. It is computer part.There are two main types of mice: optical and mechanical.The optical mouse uses an electronic eye to detect movement and is easier to clean. The mechanical mouse uses a rolling ball to detect movement. 

                                                               

                                                                

System unit

The system unit is the core of a computer system. Usually this computer part is a rectangular box placed on or underneath your desk. Inside this box are many electronic components that process information. The most important of these components is the central processing unit (CPU), or microprocessor, which acts as the "brain" of your computer.It is main computer part. the CPU uses while the computer is on. The information stored in RAM is erased when the computer is turned off.Almost every other part of your computer connects to the system unit using cables. 

Printer

A printer transfers data from a computer onto paper. You don't need a printer to use your computer, but having one allows you to print e‑mail, cards, invitations, announcements, and other material.It is computer part. Many people also like being able to print their own photos at home with computer part.
The two main types of printers are inkjet printers and laser printers. Inkjet printers are the most popular printers for the home. They can print in black and white or in full color and can produce high-quality photographs when used with special paper. Laser printers are faster and generally better able to handle heavy use.

                                                       

Speakers

Speakers are used to play sound. They can be built into the system unit or connected with cables.It is computer part. Speakers allow you to listen to music and hear sound effects from your computer.

     

Modem

To connect your computer to the Internet, you need a modem. A modem is a device that sends and receives computer information over a telephone line or high-speed cable. It is computer part.Modems are sometimes built into the system unit, but higher-speed modems are usually separate components.

                                              

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